Demonym Definition and Examples in English

A demonym is a  name for the people who live in a particular place, such as Londoners, Dallasites, Manilans, Dubliners, Torontonians, and Melburnians. Also known as a  gentilic or nationality word. The term demonym —  from the Greek for people and name — was coined (or at least popularized) by lexicographer Paul Dickson. The word was created, Dickson says, to fill a void in the language for those common terms which define a person geographically — for example, Angeleno for a person from Los Angeles (Family Words, 2007). Examples and Observations Often the name of a peoples language is the same as the demonym. Some places, particularly smaller cities and towns, may not have an established demonym for their residents.(Denoting: Webster’s Quotations, Facts, and Phrases. Icon Group, 2008)Barabooians, Fergusites, and HaligoniansA Barabooian is a person who resides in Baraboo, Wisconsin. Someone who lives in Fergus Falls, Minnesota is a Fergusite. A Dane lives in Denmark, and a Florentine hails from Florence, Italy. An indispensable book for the study of demonyms is Paul Dicksons Labels for Locals: What to Call People From Abilene to Zimbabwe (1997). There are some rather complex rules for creating demonyms, but Dickson stated that people in a place tend to decide what they will call themselves, whether they be Angelenos (from Los Angeles) or Haligonians (from Halifax, Nova Scotia) (p. x).(Dale D. Johnson et al., Logology: Word and Language Play. Vocabulary Instruction: Research to Practice, eds. J. F. Baumann and E. J. Kam eenui. Guilford Press, 2003)Hoosiers, Tar Heels, and WashingtoniansOver time I have learned that people are concerned about what others call them. Call a person from Indiana an Indianan or Indianian and you will be told in no uncertain terms that the proper form of address is Hoosier. North Carolinian is acceptable but not to those who prefer to be called Tar Heels, and when it comes to Utah the folks there prefer Utahn over Utaan or Utahan. Phoenicians lived and live in antiquity — and Arizona — while Colombians are from South America, not the District of Columbia, where Washingtonians reside. These Washingtonians are not be mistaken for those Washingtonians who live around Puget Sound.(Paul Dickson, Labels for Locals: What to Call People From Abilene to Zimbabwe. Collins, 2006)Mancunians, Hartlepudlians, and Varsovians[W]hen I happened to be writing about lacrosse in Manchester, England, I worked in the word Mancunian three times in one short paragraph. It was the se cond-best demonym Id ever heard, almost matching Vallisoletano (a citizen of Valladolid). The planet, of course, is covered with demonyms, and after scouring the world in conversations on this topic with Mary Norris I began a severely selective, highly subjective A-list, extending Mancunian and Vallisoletano through thirty-five others at this writing, including Wulfrunian (Wolverhampton), Novocastrian (Newcastle), Trifluvian (Trois-Rivià ¨res), Leodensian (Leeds), Minneapolitan (Minneapolis), Hartlepudlian (Hartlepool), Liverpudlian (you knew it), Haligonian (Halifax), Varsovian (Warsaw), Providentian (Providence), and Tridentine (Trent).(John McPhee, Draft No. 4. The New Yorker, April 29, 2013)BaltimoreansThe Baltimoreans are a peculiar people. They love their city with a pious affection, and wherever they roam in search of health, wealth, or pleasure they always turn to Baltimore as to the Mecca of their heart. Yet, whenever three or four Baltimoreans are together, at home or abr oad, they abuse Baltimore without stint.(The No Name Magazine, 1890)The Lighter Side of Demonyms[T]he point is that the great majority of Baltimorons saw nothing strange about the proceeding of the cops, and showed absolutely no indignation over it.(H.L. Mencken, The Style of Woodrow. Smart Set, June 1922)If we gave the name Poles to people who live in Poland, why werent the inhabitants of Holland called Holes?(Denis Norden, Words Flail Me. Logophile, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1979) Pronunciation: DEM-uh-nim

Two Similar but Different Genocides The Holocaust and...

It’s hard to imagine that people would support and act upon plans to kill millions of innocent human beings. The Holocaust and Cambodian genocide were two of the most horrific genocides in the history of civilization. The Holocaust and Cambodian genocide has not only similarities but also differences. How they treated their victims, USA involvement, and that they both killed millions of people are some things they share. Differences they include are the people they targeted, how the two leaders took office and lastly where these to genocides took place. Of these two genocides, the Holocaust is more widely known. In the early 1930s, the German economy was in poor condition (â€Å"Background†). The Nazis tried and succeeded at portraying†¦show more content†¦Later that same year, Pot and the Khmer Rouge took control over Cambodia. Pot wasted no time in starting his mission to reconstruct Cambodia. He thought that all the educated people needed to be killed (Melicharova). Also he thought that all noncommunist aspects of Cambodia needed to be wiped out. All rights you had were now gone. Religion was banned and if you were any kind of leader among the Buddhist monks, you were killed instantly (Melicharova). All kids were taken away and sent to work in the fields (Melicharova). If anyone was currently working and had a job, they were immediately killed along with their family members. It got so bad that you could be killed for just laughing, crying, and knowing another language. The Khmer Rouge motto was â€Å" To spare you is no profit, to destroy you is no loss† (Melicharova). If you were lucky enough to escape death, you were put into the fields working usually from 4am to 10pm unpaid (â€Å"Pol†). From lack of food and sleep, people often became very ill which sadly led to death. The Holocaust and Cambodian genocide had a few similarities. The way they treated people, USA involvement, and that they both resulted in millions of people dying are some things that these two terrible genocides have in common. Hitler and Pot treated the people they targeted ruthlessly. They were so focused on creating a â€Å"pure nation† that they lost track of their humanity (Rummel). They killed tons ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Holocaust and the Cambodian Genocide 1201 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of genocide is killing a large group of people of a certain origin. The Holocaust was in Germany and started in 1933. Adolf Hitler and the Nazis were in charge of the Holocau st. The Cambodian Genocide took place in Cambodia. Cambodia is in Southeast Asia (â€Å"Cambodian†). Pol Pot was the leader of Khmer Rouge and the group was in charge of the Cambodian Genocide (â€Å"Cambodian†). The Cambodian Genocide started in 1975 and ended in 1978 because Khmer Rouge was ended by Vietnam (â€Å"Cambodian†). The HolocaustRead MoreThe Cambodian Genocide and the Holocaust: Exceptional Similarities and Differences629 Words   |  3 Pagesday that the survivors of the Cambodian Genocide will never forget, was the day that the Cambodian society took a turn for the worse. On April 17, 1975, Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge went to Cambodia’s capital, Phnom Penh, took control and renamed it Democratic Kampuchea also known as DK. Pol Pot announced to all the citizens that he had to â€Å"purify† the Cambodian society. Although the Cambodian genocide did not kill as many people as other genocides such as the Holocaust it is still just as i mportantRead More The Holocaust and the Cambodian Genocide: Similar or different? How about Both?880 Words   |  4 Pagescomplete obliteration of an entire society. Each and every genocide has the same core principles, but a distinct face. A dictator takes over a weak country with promises of returning it to its former glory, once he has everyone’s support, he implements extremely discriminatory laws and finds reasons to kill anyone who dares oppose him. The Holocaust and the Cambodian genocides are remarkably similar, and yet strikingly different. The Holocaust was an attempt to wipe out all Jews and other minoritiesRead MoreThe Genocide And The Holocaust1198 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been several genocides in the past century. The Cambodian Genocide and the Holocaust are two of the great tragedies of the twentieth century. The Holocaust occurred in Germany and Eastern Europe. The Cambodian genocide took place in Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge was an overwhelming commun ist force that took Phnom Penh by surprise. In Cambodia, â€Å"21% of the population was killed. That is about 1.7 million people that lost their lives† (â€Å"Past Genocides†). There was little commotion or outcryRead MoreThe Genocide Of The Khmer Rouge920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cambodian genocide is one of the three worst genocides in the history of the world. It was one of the most atrocious acts, since 1945, ever done on its own people by Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot. When Cambodia won its independence from France, it was ruled by Prince Sihanouk. In February 1969, the United States was secretly bombing Cambodia. A year later, a small communist party called Khmer Rouge, started attacking cities, such as Phnom-Penh. In 1975, the Khmer Rouge started the genocide. TheRead MoreRwanda and Cambodian Genocide Essay2251 Words   |  10 Pagesout of control. It’s amazing how ignorant and stubborn the human race can be. This is exactly the response of many nations when it comes to genocide. Genocide is the systematic killing of all the people from a national, ethnic, or religious group. Two of the most recent genocides in history are the genocide of Rwanda and the genocide of Cambodia. The genocide of Cambodia started on the year of 1975 and ended on 1979. This is considered the Khmer Pogue period, where Pol Pot ,  Nuon Chea,  Ieng SaryRead MoreForeign Influence and Its Positive and Negative Impacts1285 Words   |  5 Pagesfighting and hatred. The majority of people believe that there isnt a specific cause for genocide. However – as shown by the Sudanese and Rwandan Genocides—foreign influence, and the absence of it, plays a big role in causing genocide. Before exmaning the effects of foriegn influence in causing genocide, it is important to understand the concepts of foreign influence and genocide. The UN defines genocide any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a nationalRead MoreThe Carnage Of The Indians1575 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"unworthy† victims . . .† (26) Genocides, such as that of the Amerindians, show this grotesque train of thought in human beings. The dehumanization and murder of the Native Americans was nothing more than an action made by the Europeans to show their superiority they believed they possessed. Throughout history, this behavior can be seen in many tyrannical communities, such as those that ruled over the â€Å"Armenians, Jews, Gypsies, Tbos, Bengalis, Timorese, Cambodians, Ugandans, and others.† (4) AlthoughRead MoreA Study Of Fiction Can Teach Society Lessons And Provide Warnings Against Past Mistakes From Happening Again2479 Words   |   10 Pagesagain. Acts of genocide and similar atrocities are devastating and unnecessary acts of hatred in the world. Between the years of 1939 and 1945 was one of the world’s largest acts of hatred against a group of people - the Holocaust. In just the span of six years in Germany, approximately eleven million people were killed, six million of them were Jewish. Thirty years after the end of the Holocaust, from 1975 to 1979, was a similar act of mass murder in Cambodia - the Cambodian Genocide by the rebel

Being Is Not Everything The Importance Of Becoming Nothing

Leah B. Mitchell Professor John Gist Philosophy 300-70 10 November 2016 Being Is Not Everything: The Importance of Becoming Nothing Heidegger believed that â€Å"Philosophizing is questioning the extra-ordinary† (Heidegger, et al. 14). He suggests, however, that when science questions existence, it simply focuses on what is, while dismissing that which is not (the nothing), and that because of this oversight, scientists do not see the full picture of existence. As a philosopher, Heidegger sought a deeper understanding of the purpose of human existence − his secular version of â€Å"God†, if you will, and he may have discovered it in the Nothing. After contemplation of Martin Heidegger’s philosophies, one could reasonably argue that his â€Å"Nothing† is none other than that which humanity collectively refers to as â€Å"God† – i.e. the source of all that is. Further, that becoming is the telos of our existence; the result, Being, is far less significant. Throughout the history of humanity, the concept of â€Å"God† has been interpreted and used in many ways. God has been considered to have created the universe, to exist separately and have power over it. God has also been considered to be the universe, existing within everything that presents itself as being. God has been denied existence by some, and only believed to be something that can never be known or proved by others. To simplify the term God, from this point we will understand â€Å"God† to be the creator/source of all of existence. Prior toShow MoreRelatedThe Sheep Car Complex By Thane Rosenbaum1043 Words   |  5 Pages Over time everything falls apart. Everything starts to fade away into nothingness. Regardless of its magnitude or importance it all fades away. In Thane Rosenbaum’s The Cattle Car Complex, the author says, â€Å"The Holocaust fades like a painting exposed to too much sun.† (Rosenbaum, 5). 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Their difference of opinion on that subject drew a wedge between them that was never removed. The dramaturgical approach The job of a geisha is to display perfection, quietness, passive and demure qualities. Since a geisha’s beauty is halfRead MoreImportant Symbols in Lord of the Flies by William Golding676 Words   |  3 Pagescivilian nature that they were born into. Both symbolically represent a certain importance and power to the boys as they fight to maintain order and civility on the island while trying to contain control over the group of young boys as they begin to abandon all ties to their once civilized life and mindset that they once knew. Isolation and daily struggles to survive on the island lead to the transition to killing and becoming more barbaric. The taste of killing and power becomes an overpowering obsessionRead MoreShakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare987 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth was first written and performed over four hundred years ago in the early seventeenth century. It has survived the tests of time and is now repeatedly being reprod uced for cinematic viewing, from one of the most recent productions created in 2010 by director Rupert Goold, to an older more rustic film directed by Roman Polanski in 1971. However, lacking either detailed instructions or Shakespeare himself, each of these directors interpreted Shakespeare’s original work in differentRead MoreThe Value Of Life : Score 6881 Words   |  4 Pageswe will make in our lives and nothing more. It depends on the money we make, how many children we have, and how much we spend on ourselves each month. Some people find it fair to actually compare the value of life to the dollar amount they are worth. They might even look into it so much that people choose their partner according to their monetary values and not the emotional attachment. Therefore the majority are concerned with how society values them rather than being contempt with themselves. IRead More Love in The Importance of Being Earnest Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesLove in The Importance of Being Earnest Love is perhaps the most actively sought moral objective of ones life. And though marriage is often thought to be the logical consequence of love, it is Oscar Wildes contention in his satire, The Importance of Being Earnest, that love begets bliss and marriage thwarts this course of bliss. Algernon Moncrieff spends very little time falling in love and the rest of the time striving toward engagement. Wilde demonstrates through him that once one becomes

Reflection Paper For The Goal A Process Of Ongoing...

ACCT 315 – 01 Daniel Allington Due: April 11, 2017 Reflection Paper for The Goal: A process of ongoing improvement (Goldratt) 1. Say we have identified the bottleneck machine of a production process. List at least four things suggested in the book that will result in a greater throughput without actually expanding the physical capacity of the machine. The setup crew should setup the machine so that it is running parts while they are on their break or lunch to decrease its idle time. Use other machines that can do the same task as the bottlenecks. Outsource the job of the bottleneck to another vendor. Stop running parts for orders that are not immediately needed. Another thing that can be done is have quality control inspection tasks†¦show more content†¦So, to reach your expected target you really need a capacity much larger than your expected output 3. You are the manager of a manufacturing plant. The plant is having trouble making a profit, deliveries are always late, customers are dissatisfied, and the workers in the plant are upset and are threatening a strike. Your boss will close the plant if you don t do a lot better by cutting costs and increasing sales. Besides that, your spouse may divorce you and your children are failing in school. Your staff has come up with the following action plans. Comment on the advisability of each plan in terms of Throughput, Inventory and Operating Expense. I want more than a direction of change. I want a reason for the change. a. The process engineer suggests that you find the most labor-intensive operation that the plant performs. Reduce costs by automating the operation. Jonah always worked with Alex by asking him questions rather than giving him specific answers to the questions being asked. Questions, I would ask and seek answers to would be: Will automating the process actually save costs? Machines typically cost millions of dollars so replacing the work done by human capital with machines, how long will it take to see a difference in the company’s bottom line? What is the return on investment? Would having this machine allow the company to increaseShow MoreRelatedClassroom Environment : A Better Understanding Of Our Schools And Our Educational System Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesteachers have a responsibility to honestly (and constantly) reflect and make needed adjustments to their methodologies. This paper will be structured around and focused upon these core matters in an effort to demonstrate their implications for my future classroom and teaching experiences; In exploring these matters, I will ultimately argue that teaching is trul y a learning process in and of itself. Background Matters In the first few weeks of the course, we focused on the topic of identity. By beginningRead MoreThe Performance Of The Spring Concert1675 Words   |  7 Pages(Allen, 2011). 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Discussing goals and ways to move forward must occur when the employee has an opportunity to improve their performance and achieve the established goals. Training Managers should receiveRead MoreAn Ideal Learning Practice For The Emergency Airway Management Team1822 Words   |  8 Pagessituations. A structured process of ongoing assessment and performance improvement is integrated into the ideal learning practice. This assessment is multidimensional and focuses on learning and performance of both the individual and the team as a whole. Finally, ongoing performance improvement activities support ongoing learning not by focusing on identifying deficiencies, but by emphasizing the EAM team’s success, encouraging innovation and identifying strategies for improvement. The comparison betweenRead MoreEvaluation Of An Anonymous Questionnaire1281 Words   |  6 Pagesresults, and determining the level of success. 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Characteristics of Language Development Free Essays

Characteristics of Language Development By J. L. Frost|S. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of Language Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. Wortham|S. Reifel How early does language development begin? It begins in the womb when the fetus hears her mother’s voice and language in the environment. Babies who are 4 days old can distinguish between languages. Newborns show their preference for the language that is familiar by sucking more vigorously on a nipple when they hear it as compared to an unfamiliar language (Cowley, 1997). Like cognitive development, acquisition of language during the first 2 years is an impressive achievement. Between birth and 2 years, infants and toddlers learn enough about their language to speak and develop a vocabulary ranging from 50 to 200 words (Berk, 2002). Children of every culture and country learn the language of their community. Italian babies, for example, understand names of different kinds of pasta quite early in life (Trawick-Smith, 2006). Children from bilingual families learn words from both languages before 18 months. Theories of Language Development How do theorists explain language development? Three major theories have informed our understanding of how language develops. B. F. Skinner (1957) initiated the behaviorist theory of language development. Skinner proposed that language is acquired through operant conditioning; that is, parents reinforce the baby’s efforts at language. Subsequently, they reinforce the most correct forms of efforts to say words. Behaviorists also propose that the child learns language through imitation. The adult conditions the child to use correct language forms by rewarding efforts to imitate adult language. Noam Chomsky (1957) understood that even very young children take charge of learning language. His theory was labeled as nativist because he believed that children have an innate ability to acquire language. He proposed that all children have a biologically based innate system for learning language that he called a language acquisition device (LAD). Chomsky believed that the LAD contains a set of rules common to all languages that children use to understand the rules of their language. Also read  Driver’s Ed Module Reflection Journal A more recent theoretical approach, termed interactionist, is based on the fact that language is not acquired without socialization. Language cannot be acquired without a social context. Infants and toddlers have an innate capability to learn language facilitated by adult caregivers (Berger, 2000; Berk, 2002). Vygotsky (1984) proposed that language is learned in a social context. Language is centered in the sociocultural history of a population. The child as a member of the group learns the language to communicate in his community. Sequence of Language Development All children learn language in the same sequence. Although the timing may vary for different languages, the developmental sequence is the same. From the moment of birth, the neonate uses cries and facial expressions to express his needs. He can distinguish his mother’s voice from other voices and can discriminate among many different speech sounds (Berger, 2000). Thereafter, steps toward speech and the use of language develop at regular intervals. http://www. education. com/reference/article/characteristics-language-development/ How to cite Characteristics of Language Development, Essays

Interface Usability Melbourne Museum Mobile App

Question: Discuss about the Interface Usability Melbourne Museum Mobile App. Answer: Objectives and targets The project was majorly meant to develop a mobile application for Melbourne Museum to assist the visitors during solo tours. In pursuant of this primary goal, the project will also involve attaining specific goals One of such will be to determine the popularity of Android phone use among the potential and current client of Melbourne Museum. Also, we will also formulate ways of informing the visitors of the services of the museum. Evaluating the usefulness of Google store platform in marketing the Android app to the visitors is another specific objective which will be realized. Furthermore, we will find out major languages spoken by the visitors of the museum as well as investigate how technology affects the efficiency of operations in the museum. The museum app development project should also be focused on availing details of infrastructure which is allocated for use by any physically challenged visitor. (Skinner, G., Morgan, P. J, 2014). Outputs The introduction of the Melbourne museum app would enable the visitors to gain in-depth knowledge of all objects under display at the museum. Since the introduction of any new technology should be opposed towards ensuring a positive response from the users a research into the user's reaction to the new app and the app's effects will make the museum get a better understanding of its visitors. Success criteria For future improvements in the use of the Android app, the following techniques will be used to monitor its success. (Delone and Mclean, 2003) To give room for observing and developing the effects of using the app we have come out with standards which will be used to rate the performance of the app and hence enable future improvements. Observing the way, the clients receive and accepts the use of the app in interacting with the museum is one such criterion. Also, the app achievements of its purpose are a useful measure. The happiness of the visitors with the introduction of the app is an indication of the app's success. Also, an increase in commercial activities brought about by the apps use together with the easiness of the apps use will be adequate standards. We will also monitor the number of downloads the app has in the Google. Design aims While developing the museum Android app, it should be designed with goals which ensures when the completed app is realized into the market it matches the objective of its creation. One way of achieving this is creating the Android app for the Museum in a way that attains the following functions. (Addison Cohen, 2015). Incorporation of GPS enabled capabilities to assist the visitors with the direction of the museum in addition to the GPS features the app should contain the museum map to be used by the museum visitors to locate various sections of the museum. Also, the Museum schedule features should be included to help the users observe the routine, therefore, able to time their visits to specific events of their interests. Ticketing or to say museum charges needs to be incorporated into the app as well this eases payment of museum services. Considering the diversity of cultures represented by the museum, it will be just fair to have an app with multilingual features to ensure visitors from all corners of the world are accommodated. Even though the app can't contain all languages, it should be able to work in all the major languages across the globe. The user interface of the app should be friendly and efficient to minimize the time taken to obtain information from the app which involves other services offered at the museum. There should be a museum photo gallery for the purpose of briefing the museum visitors on some art facts to expect at the museum. Furthermore, contacts of the museum should be availed in a section of the app to allow clients make inquiries directly to the foundation. Despite rolling the digital operations through the app, it should still allow visitors to choose a guided tour as a w ay of taking care of different needs of various guests can be accommodated. (Nickerson M.F, 2004) Outline of the proposed design The design of the app should contain bright and attractive interface. The interface should include the primary information needs of the users (Shapley L. S., Roth A. E. (2012)). The app's interface should also contain the sign-up option to enable the museum to obtain and keep records of their visitors as well as track the effectiveness of the app in the digital market. Also, there should be a text display in the interface that enables the users to obtain brief information regarding the arts kept in the museum. Also, for practical use, the app should contain coded links which can direct the users to the museum website where users can find more information about the museum. Such links should also lead them to other sites like YouTube where they can find live photo gallery of the museum (Sandra Natasha, 2014)) Proposed evaluation methods The visitors should be allowed to leave a comment after their visits to the museum such comments should be directed to the museum website by the app. The other users can view them and comment as well this way the mobile will have allowed communication with and among its clients. The interaction of the app with the cell phone use features should be evaluated by observing how the app interacts with the mobile operative system functions and other applications. (Mc Lean K, 1996). During the initial period of the app when it's still under study its components should be severely scrutinized and moderated. This aligns it with the reasons why the app's use is being introduced. On the other hand, the app developers need to be keen to ensure the easiness of use of the app is designed in a way to accommodate the elderly visitors who are not active internet users and may only be interested in particular brief information (Mobile MultiDevice, 2016) The available means should be reviewed to ensure they obey the copyright and intellectual rights obligations. As a way of improving visitors service delivery the mobile app design should have features such as rating the effective of the regarding matching the user's expectations. The museum by monitoring the ratings will be able to realize the apps weaknesses and do updates to cater for any identified mismatch. This feedback mechanism is essential in improving the visitor's loyalty because most will not feel the loss of touch with the museum especially the elderly who have gotten used to the older means of operation (H. Rex Hartson, 2009). The app may not be enough to get the full view of the visitors regarding the digitalization of the transactions of the museum. To cater this, the museum will need to conduct a research and get the opinions of the visitors on the efficient and effectiveness of using the app. As much as a physical research will be of additional advantage, the operati ons of the app can also be judged by the number of downloads it is receiving in the Google play store. References Delone and Mclean. (2003).model of information systems.Hershey,PA:Idea Group publishing Lubans, D. R., Smith, J. J., Skinner, G., Morgan, P. J. (2014). Development and implementation of a smartphone application to promote physical activity and reduce screen-time in adolescent boys.Emerging Technologies to Promote and Evaluate Physical Activity, 107. Mc Lean K. (1996). Planning for people in Museum Exhibitions. Washington DC: Malloy Lithographing Nickerson M.F. online multimedia museum exhibits. a case study in technology and collaboration vol22.2004 Shapley L. S., Roth A. E. (2012). Stable matching: Theory, evidence, and practical design rex Hartson et al. International Journal of human computer interaction. Published online November 2009. Mobile MultiDevice. (2016). retrieved from https://static.lukew.com/MobileMultiDevice_LukeWsm.pdf Addison Cohen. (2015). A complete guide on mobile App Usability testing

Comparison of Capco’s Structure and Culture with another organization

Question: ExplainComparison of Capcos Structure and Culture with another organization. Answer: Organizational Structure and Culture Comparison of Capcos Structure and Culture with another organization The organization structure is an element that dictates the relationship of roles in an organization, and thereof, how does each of the participants of a company functions. It basically determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and coordinated and how the information is exchanged at the various levels of the management. In the same way, Organizational Culture of the workplace also goes a long way in promoting healthy competition at the workplace (Business Case Studies LLP, 2016). As the organizational culture of Capco is innovative and entrepreneurial, hence its structure is non-hierarchical, team-driven and flat. In this flat structure, there occur a number of matrix structures for specific projects. This allotment is temporary and on completion of the project the employee moves to a different project assisting an entirely different team. The culture of the company is specifically built to foster flexibility and creativity and at the same time pro mote individuality, integrity and freedom of expressions among the employees (Corkindale, 2011). Albridge solutions, one of the toughest competitors of the Capco, has an entirely different organizational structure, but the culture bears a number of similarities (Inc., 2014). The company, on the contrary, follows a hierarchical structure in which the Contact Center reports to the Managing Director and Senior Vice President, which in turn report specifications to the higher authorities including the CEO and the President. Such a hierarchical structure has many layers and a long chain of command from the top to the bottom layer. As in this structure, there is a narrow span of control; hence this type of tall structure ensured effective control of the organization. However, the culture of Albridge is exactly same to that of the Capco as it also considers its employees as the major assets. Like the former company, it also has an open door policy that carries out a number of amendments on a regular basis to listen and address to the employees concerns (MSG Experts, 2016). The only dif ference that is noteworthy to be pointed is that the company has devised its strategies in such a way that the chances of risk-taking are minimal and hence innovations are not readily welcomed by the company members. Hence the culture of the Capco could be defined as that of Adhocracy type while that of Albridge could be of Clan type. Explanation of impact of relationship between Capcos structure and Organization on performance of its operations As Capco is having a flat, non-hierarchical structure, hence the decision making power lies within all the participants of the company in an unbiased form. This fact is also reflected in the culture of the company as the thoughts and viewpoints of all the members of the team are required over every crucial decision of the company. Hence the structure of Capco serves as a framework for the culture to be implemented. As the company considers all its human resources as an important one, hence, the communication among the employees has a deep impact on their performance as well as on the operations and output of the firm (Janicijevic, 2013). A flat organizational structure promises a quick flow of information as the number of levels within the company is very less. Also, as Capco has always been known to support the concept of innovation and readily accept the thoughtful ideas of all its employees, hence the company has a number of solutions when it faces any sort of problem. The non hierarchical structure has been continuously supported by the innovative culture of the company and this fact could be proven by the increasing revenue of the firm in the past decades (Brighton school of business and management, 2016). This amalgamation has also helped the firm to withstand with the rising competition in the business world due to the establishment of a number of similar firms offering better innovative services. The promotion of individual expressions without any restriction has led the firm to collect myriads of perceptions towards a single problem and hence develop the most potential solution for it. As there is no clear leader in the firm due to its non-hierarchical structure, hence, it gives each of its employees a rise and high job satisfaction due to individual participation. This all in turn improves the operations of the firm simply because motivated employees discharge better services (Team, 2015). Discussion of factors that influence individual behavior There are myriads of factors that have a substantial influence on the behavior of an individual associated with the organization and have a direct impact on the quality of services delivered by the firm. The main factors in this case identified for the firm Capco are: Leadership: The managers and other executives of the firm have a great influence on the behavior of their subordinates and it has been an ultimate responsibility of these leaders to set a perfect direction for their followers. As the company is following a non-hierarchical structure, hence, there is no such pure concept of leader and subordinates. But the firm is still filled with a number of highly skilled and experienced working people that have engaged themselves in guiding the fresh recruited talents (Kashyap, 2015). These people have always been a strong source of inspiration for the ones who have recently become the part of the Capco family. Job Responsibilities: The researchers at the global level have already proven that it is impossible for a person to deliver the best of his abilities when he is subjected to stress. Hence, the overburdened working hours also alters the individual behavior, developing an aversion towards the workplace. Instead of over-burdening, the employees could be encouraged to upgrade their skills time to time (Mathur Gupta, 2012). Personal Characteristics: There are a number of personal characteristics like age, gender, geographic conditions, physical appearance, marital status, etc. that has a both direct as well as an indirect influence on the quality of the performance of the employees and also on their behavior at the workplace. For instance, a married woman will pay more heed towards her home and family rather than her work and this will be a major reason behind her absenteeism. Similarly, performance tends to decline with advancing age because elderly people have less stamina and even do not easily get adapted to the changes occurring in their environment. Even the young ones, being a bit reckless and carefree, tend to shift jobs more easily. Different approaches to Management and leadership Comparison of effectiveness of different leaderships The type of leadership styles varies according to the variations in the functioning of companies. Myriad forms of leadership style include Authoritative, Coercive, Affiliated, Democratic, Pacesetting and Coaching. As already discussed that Capco has never followed a true hierarchical structure in the organizations management, hence, the occurrence of specific leaders is not often seen. Yet, the experiences and skilled employees of the firm follows a number of tactful strategies adopted from the above mentioned leadership styles to guide their followers and the ones who are new to the culture of the company. The company is known to follow different leadership style at different point of time. When compared to the other companies of the same genre like Albridge solutions, Argo, Copp Clark limited, etc., then the company is said to have followed a number of leadership styles simultaneously at the same time to yield better results (Johannsen, 2014). On the contrary the firms like Albridg e is known to follow a single leadership type at a single point of time evaluate its results and then accordingly either stick to a particular style for a long duration or immediately switch to another one for a better set of results. The firm follows Authoritarian leadership when there has to be an establishment of close control over the workforce and the words of the decision maker are final. In the times of crisis, the executives have followed a Coercive style in which the leader takes the whole of the charge and invites no contrary opinions. The Affiliated Leadership is normally followed in the firm as it promotes harmony among the workers and helps in resolving the conflicts by mutual communication. The Pacesetting Leadership produces leaders who lead by examples, i.e. in order to incorporate any change the leaders first of all apply it on themselves first and then on their subordinates. The Coaching Leadership is used when the firm wants to develop people for the future. This style builds lasting personal strengths in the workers to make them more successful overall (Benincasa, 2012). The above mentioned styles are temporary, but Democratic Leadership is the most permanent one in the company as it is in compliance with the organizational culture of the firm. In this type the leaders and the followers work as a team and all are involved in the decision-making process. Explanation of how organizational theories have influenced the practice of management The emerging issues in the company could be resolved and addressed by specific organizational theories by highlighting specific organizational problems. As the company expands, its working strategies, also change a lot and here the actual work of organizational theories begin as they address several crucial questions about how a company works. The Scientific Management Theory supplies the systematic management movement with coherent ideological foundation. This theory has the force on the formal study of management, which precisely includes planning, organizing, leading and controlling. When these elements are dealt with a practical and a formal way, then there are sure chances of good management of the operational issues within the firm. The essentials of this theory also have a potential to influence the on the business policies of the company (Agbim, 2013). Human Relation Theory or Behavioral Management Theory tends to focus more on the individuals at the workplace rather than the places, process and the procedures. This theory creates a great communication channel between the employees and managers which allows them to freely interact with one another and take wise decisions over a problem. This theory adopted by the Capco has allowed it to develop a number of productive workers who can lead a company to achieve its goals on time. This theory has allowed Capco to improve its employee retention rate as well as has also accelerated its productivity by manifolds (Cardoso, 2014). This is entirely due to a single fact the Human relation theory has a tendency to associate a great value with all its employees and hence they automatically form a productive workforce that delivers its services in a better manner. Evaluation of different approaches to management The managers, all over the globe, have till now adopted a number of approaches to management. As the perceptions and needs of the workers have changed with the evolution in the business practices, the older management approaches are also replaced by the more efficient ones. Capco has always paid a great heed to its workers and has considered them as its major asset. Hence the approach being followed here is the Scientific Management approach. This approach is concerned with the recognition of actual doable things of the workers and what all economic feasible measures does the company adopts making its workforce to do such things in an allotted time slot (Fayol, 2012). The crucial elements of a successful business, including Job analysis, Recruitment process and Training of the employees, all are carried out in the presence of scientific tools so that the physical activities in the job can be better balanced and organized. Moreover, this practical approach also helps the managers to s eek out one of the best ways of doing a job. The other available approaches, frequently being adopted by the competitors of Capco includes Administrative, Bureaucratic and a number of Neo Classical Approaches. For instance, Albridge follows approaches like Socio-technical, Cooperative, Group-Behavior and Human Relation Approach. Although, Capco has also adopted these new approaches with time, but, it hasnt demolished the older ones. Apart from these neoclassical approaches, the Administrative approach believes that the practice of management is quite distinct from the other organizational functions prevailing in the company and the Bureaucratic Approach believes that there should be long-chain of commands in the firm and the subordinates have to obligatory follow such commands without getting themselves involved in the decision making process (Parra Marengi, 2011). These approaches were successful when the concept of Hierarchical organizational structure was followed, but as soon as the non-hierarchical structure developed and all the members of a firm began to interact with one another over a crucial decision, then the neoclassical approaches rapidly replaced the classical ones. Application of Motivational Theories Discussion of the impact of different leadership styles on motivation A motivated workforce is said to perform better than a non-motivated one and this is entirely due to a fact that when an employee is happy and satisfies with his job and workspace culture then he tends to deliver the best of his services. The importance of employee motivation is closely associated with the leadership style being followed and it cannot be downplayed (Men, 2010). Leadership and its styles play a crucial role in determining the level of motivation among the subordinates. As it is mentioned in the earlier section that Capco and other similar organizations are known to follow different types of leadership styles at different point of time, according to the requirements of the changing business and management practices, hence the impact of these styles on motivation among the workers varies from one style to another (Neves Galvao, 2013). When following an Autocratic style, the managers do not entertain a much involvement of their subordinates in the decision making process. This makes the employees to believe that their leaders are capable enough to make decisions and hence motivate them by establishing a firm confidence in the managers ability to make productive decisions for the firm. On the contrary, the Democratic style follows a motivational tactic of Inclusion which involves all the subordinates in the crucial decisions of the firm (America's Job Exchange, 2016). This approach allows a formation of an emotional attachment of the employees with the companys success and betterment as they have been a major part of the firm while the policies and processes of the firm were being crafted. Whatever is the leadership style being followed in the firm, the pivotal aim of the leaders is to make the followers satisfied with the actions of the firm and gain their loyalty towards the company. The more happy and satisfied a re the employees, the more are the chances of increment in the productivity and revenue of the firm (Root, 2015). Comparison of application of motivational theories The employee satisfaction, in this era of business, is quite crucial. Almost all the companies of a particular genre offer similar types of incentives and wages to its employees. Hence, in this case, the employee seeks that firm which is able to offer him satisfaction and a proper balance between his personal and professional life. As Capco has been an employee-oriented company, hence Maslows Motivation Theory is more applicable within the organizational setting of the firm. This is because the other theory, i.e. Herzberg Theory of Motivation only talks about an increment in the productivity level of the firm, disregarding the equal importance of the employee satisfaction (Difference between Admin, 2014). Maslow, through his theory, has mentioned that workers are motivated by having each level of their needs met in order as they move up the hierarchy. For this, he has also suggested a hierarchy of needs, comprising of 5 different levels of human needs that are to be fulfilled step by step by the mangers at the workplace. This theory, on the contrary, to the Herzberg theory, focuses on a fact that it is the core responsibility of the managers to recognize that workers are not all motivated in the same way and even do not move up the hierarchy at the same pace (Hartzell, 2016). Hence, the company is seen to offer a variety of incentives that differ from worker to worker. The Herzberg theory, being a two-factor theory, talks about the relationship between employee satisfaction and levels of motivation. Although, employee satisfaction is a crucial element of this theory, yet it fails to recognize it over the productivity of the firm. While the former talks about the needs that are to be f ulfilled in order to motivate a person, the latter one talks about the causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Although Capco has promoted the thought of Maslow till now, yet the Herzbergs theory is the most widely adapted theory by most of the leading firms as it candidly explains the factors that leads to motivation and demotivation among the employees (Riley, 2015). Explanation of the necessity of managers to understand and apply motivation theories Organizations set particular goals for it and the employees working as a part of the organization aide in achieving those goals. An organization fails to achieve these goals on time due to the presence of a number of de-motivated employees. This creates a need for understanding individual behavior for creation of effective motivational tactics and even for following good management and leadership practices (Ganta, 2014). Motivation theories are known to provide a deep insight into the process of making an employee a better asset for the firm. The elements of these theories provide effective tools to the managers that help them to evaluate what all changes are to be incorporated to make the employees better. When there is a lack of knowledge among the managers about the motivational theories, then they tend to believe that monetary incentives are the only way of motivating the staff. Hence, the theories help the leaders to analyze the fact that different employees have different needs and expectations with the firm and they are to be met in varying ways (Shanks, 2012). A good understanding of motivational theories not only help the managers to overall increase the performance level of the employees, but also helps them to retain the knowledge of the motivated employees for a longer period. This is due to a fact that the motivated and satisfied employees become more loyal towards the firm and never leaves the firm in times of crisis. The motivational theories, if applied in compliance to the operations of the firm, helps in achieving specialization among the employees and even aide them in acquiring the key skills needed for delivering better services to the company (Pardee, 1990). Factors that enhance the effectiveness of teamwork within organizations Explanation of the nature of groups and group behavior A group is a collection of people who have regular contact and a proper communication. The activities of an individual in a group have an influence on other members of the group. All the constituent members of the firm work in a close collaboration to achieve the goals. At present, there are a number of groups acting at Capco to improve its performance and give an additional lead over the other similar firms in the race. There are two types of basic groups within the Capco namely Formal and Informal (Ashraf, 2011). The formal group is created in an organization with a vision to complete a specific goal or simply a task. These groups are formed by the senior executives of the firm by consulting with the leaders of the firm. On the contrary, Informal groups are generally formed by the workers themselves who wants to interact with one another. These groups are generally formed not for a specific purpose, but only because the members of the group begin to enjoy each others company. Whatever is the type of the group in an organization, all the groups work to lead the organization and take major decisions for the organization. The groups also play a role in the planning for the Capcos future improvement and contribution to the society and the country. Group behavior is a way in which the members of a group behave or react in big or small situations. As already mentioned that Capco comprises of a large number of both formal and informal groups, hence all the groups tactfully react to the adverse economic conditions and also supports the firm with a huge number of innovative solutions for a single problem (Codreanu, 2010). But it would be an ideal condition if these groups always react in a positive manner towards the problems. In such a case, the essentials of a strong leadership unit plays its roles by forming groups of skilled and strong people to face the challenges involved in the business world. Discussion of the factors that affect the development of the teamwork To achieve myriads of goals quickly and easily, Capco has always promoted an idea of teamwork in its working strategies. Team members work in a close collaboration to develop innovative solutions for a problem. As teamwork holds a crucial position in management principles of Capco, hence, it is affected by a number of factors prevailing in the firm. These factors both have a complementary as well as an inhibitory impact on the effectiveness of the teamwork. Few of the identified factors are: Understanding of Goals: A team is formed basically, to achieve a goal, but if the team members are not fully aware of the actual goals of the firm and they are not even able to prioritize the primary and secondary goals then it becomes quite difficult for the managers to effectively implement activities and tasks to the teams. Hence, there has to be a deep understanding of the goals by the team workers who are constantly working to achieve them. Compensation Schemes: Compensation can have a double sided impact on the effectiveness of teamwork. When a team member gets to know that their hard work will be compensated with good incentives, then they work harder for the benefit of the firm. But this could also prove harmful for the firm because when staff members receive such compensation, then they begin to associate hard work with rewards, awards and compensation only (Root, 2016). Occurrence of Conflicts: Conflicts, most of the time, have a detrimental impact on the effectiveness of teamwork, because when ideas of people do not match then they always indulge into conflicts. Sometimes these conflicts could be easily resolved, but sometimes they can also exaggerate and ends up in court. Communication: As Capco follows a flat structure of the organization, hence all the members of the company are treated at a same level. In such a case, it is the elements of communication that always maintains a good flow of thoughts among all the members of the firm. Hence, a company needs to have strong grounds for communication so as to develop a confusion free working environment in the organization (Heathfield, 2016). Evaluation of impact of technology on team functioning Capco has always been known to apply a number of technological reformations in its management principles and the type of services it delivers to its customers. The technological reformations are incorporated by the executives and their subordinates to gain specific achievements for the organization. The technology has also accelerated the process of communication as a number of tools are available as a part of technological advancement. For instance, e-mails allow asynchronous communication which does not require team members to be at the same place at the same time. Similarly, computers and mobiles have also made communication and computation quickly and easily (Raulea, 2010). Technological tools are also efficiently used by the managers to deliver crucial lectures to their subordinates and even hold meetings with the ones situated in remote areas. For instance, during meetings, projectors are used to display information and ideas using slide shows. Other tools of technology used in communication include Teleconferencing, Video Conferencing, Chat Rooms, Voicemails, Faxes, Computer-mediated Conferencing (CMC), etc. The technology has also allowed the introduction of a new concept known as Virtual Team which allows the employees to connect and communicate in real time around the globe. This concept has led to the involvement of the people round the clock instead of just eight hours. Wider groups or networks can be involved, which means a great number of brains applied to the problem. Technology in the Capcos teams also improves the efficiency of screening, recruiting and hiring potential candidates (Gagnon Dragon, 2008). The leader of the teams could spread the messages of hiring new talents through internet. Also, Office technology saves time by speeding up the workflow process. Bibliography Agbim, K. C., 2013. 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